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Vitamin A (Beta Carotene) is necessary for repair
and growth of body tissues. It is used in the treatment of
vision problems, breast cancer and skin wrinkling. (Ross
A.C., Ternus M.E., Vitamin A as a hormone: recent advances
in understanding the actions of retinol, retinoic acid and
beta carotene. J Am Diet Assoc; 93(11): 1285-90, Nov 1993).
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) benefits the heart and cardiovascular
system. It is also important for growth, energy production
and digestion. In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled
trial utilizing 222 people aged 65 or over, researchers concluded
that the quality of life was enhanced by providing thiamin
supplements. Blood pressure and weight were lower after thiamin
supplementation. (Wilkinson TJ; Hanger HC; Elmslie J; George
PM; Sainsbury R. The response to treatment of subclinical
thiamine deficiency in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr; 66(4):
925-8, Oct 1997).
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is important for healthy
skin, tissue repair and red blood cell formation.
Niacinimide (Vitamin B3) improves circulation and
reduces cholesterol levels in the blood.
Pantothenic Acid helps convert proteins, fats and
carbohydrates into energy, improves the body's resistance
to stress.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) promotes healthy gums, teeth,
red blood cells and is necessary for synthesis of amino acids.
PABA (Para Amino Benzoic Acid) plays a key role
in skin pigmentation and hair colour.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) helps prevent anemia by
aiding in formation of red blood cells.
Folic Acid is important for red cell production,
tissue cells and a healthy intestinal tract.
Biotin (Vitamin H) promotes healthy hair and skin.
It plays a critical role in the metabolism of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats. (Mock, D.M. Biotin. In: Present Knowledge
in Nutrition (Ziegler, E.E. and Filer, L. J., eds.), 7th
ed., pp. 220-235. International Life Sciences Institute Press,
Washington, DC, 1996).
Choline is an essential nutrient needed for cell
membrane integrity. It plays a significant role in controlling
fat and cholesterol. It is also a component of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine and is needed for normal brain functioning.
Inositol is required for proper formation of cell
membranes. It affects nerve transmission and helps in transporting
fats within the body.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) helps build resistance
to infections, aids in the prevention of the common cold,
prevents scurvy and is critical to the maintenance of healthy
gums, skin and blood. It is a major antioxidant and plays
a significant role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). According
Matthias Rath M.D. and Linus Pauling Ph.D: "…ascorbate deficiency
is the common cause of human CVD, ascorbate supplementation
is the universal treatment for this disease. The available
epidemiological and clinical evidence is reasonably convincing.
Further clinical confirmation of this theory should lead
to the abolition of CVD as a cause of human mortality for
the present generation and future generations of mankind." (The
Linus Pauling/Matthias Rath Unified Theory of Human Cardiovascular
Disease On-line paper published in the J. of Orthomolecular
Medicine; http://www.orthomed.org/links/papers/rathpau.htm).
Vitamin D benefits teeth, bones and optimizes calcium
and phosphorous metabolism.
Vitamin E is a major antioxidant and delays cellular
aging due to oxidation. It protects cell membranes and tissues,
and brings nourishment to cells. (Meydani, S. N., Meydani,
M., Blumberg, J. B., Leka, L. S., Siber, G., Loszewski, R.,
Thompson, C., Pedrosa, M. C., Diamond, R. D., Stollar, B.
D. Vitamin E supplementation enhances in vivo immune response
in healthy elderly: A dose-response study. JAMA. 277: 1380-1386,
1997)
Calcium promotes bone and teeth health and assists
in the passage of nutrients in and out of cell walls. Please
see Bone Strengthener Plus for additional information. Calcium
and Vitamin D supplementation in the elderly helps reduce
the incidence of fractures. (Dawson-Hughes, B., Harris, S.S.,
Krall, E. A. & Dallal, G. E. Effect of calcium and vitamin
D supplementation on bone density in men and women age 65
and older. New Engl. J. Med. 337: 670-676, 1997).
Chromium is important for carbohydrate metabolism.
It works with insulin in the metabolism and stabilization
of blood sugar levels. (Stoecker, B. J., Chromium. In: Present
Knowledge in Nutrition (Ziegler, E. E. & Filer, L. J., Jr.,
eds.), 7th ed., pp. 344-352. International Life Sciences
Institute Press, Washington, DC., 1996).
Copper is necessary for the absorption and utilization
of iron. Copper deficiency may also play a role in heart
disease. (Medeiros, D. M. & Wildman, R., New findings on
a unified perspective of copper restriction and cardiomyopathy.
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 215: 299-313, 1997).
Iodine aids in the functioning of the thyroid gland. "Comparative
epidemiologic studies in areas with low and high iodine intake
and controlled studies of iodine supplementation have demonstrated
that the major consequence of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency
for the health of the population is an extraordinarily high
occurrence of hyperthyroidism in elderly subjects, especially
women, with risk of cardiac arrhythmias, osteoporosis, and
muscle wasting." (Laurberg P., Nohr S.B., Pedersen K.M.,
Hreidarsson A.B., Andersen S., Bulow Pedersen I., Knudsen
N., Perrild H., Jorgensen T., and Ovesen L. Thyroid disorders
in mild iodine deficiency. Department of Endocrinology and
Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark. Thyroid; 10(11): 951-63,
Nov 2000).
Iron combines with protein and copper in manufacturing
hemoglobin which transports oxygen in the blood from the
lungs to the tissues. Iron deficiency results in anemia.
A recent study indicates that the prevalence of iron deficiency
anemia is higher in athletic populations and groups, especially
in younger female athletes, than in healthy sedentary individuals.
The young female athlete may want to consider use of low-dose
iron supplements to prevent a decline in iron status during
training. (Beard J., Tobin B. Iron status and exercise. Am
J Clin Nutr. 72(2 Suppl): 594S-7S,Aug 2000).
Magnesium is a mineral needed by every cell of the
body. Magnesium is needed for at least 300 fundamental enzymatic
reactions in the body. It helps maintain normal muscle and
nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, and bones strong.
It is also involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis.
Evidence suggests that magnesium may play an important role
in regulating blood pressure. (Paolisso, G. and Barbagallo,
M. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance:
the role of intracellular magnesium. Amer. J. Hyperten. 10:
346-355, 1997). Diets that provide plenty of fruits and vegetables,
good sources of potassium and magnesium, are consistently
associated with lower blood pressure. Results of two national
surveys, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES III-1988-91) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes
of Individuals (1994 CSFII), indicated that the diets of
most adult men and women do not provide the recommended amounts
of magnesium.
Manganese is an essential trace mineral that is
concentrated primarily in the bone, liver, pancreas and brain.
It is necessary for proper digestion, sex hormone production,
and is a catalyst in the breakdown of fats and cholesterol.
It is also an important antioxidant. An animal study conducted
at the University of Maine found that manganese deficiency
may affect arterial wall integrity and subsequently cardiovascular
health. (Yang P., and Klimis-Tavantzis D.J. Effects of dietary
manganese on arterial glycosaminoglycan metabolism in Sprague-Dawley
rats. Biol Trace Elem Res; 64(1-3): 275-88, Summer 1998).
Potassium is mostly found in muscle tissue. Deficiency
symptoms include irregular heartbeat, muscular weakness and
build-up of lactic acid. Research also indicates that there
may be a relationship between high blood pressure and potassium
depletion. A study conducted at the University of Arkansas
school for medical science concluded that; "An increase in
potassium intake should be included in the nonpharmacologic
management of patients with uncomplicated hypertension." (Barri
Y.M. and Wingo C.S. The effects of potassium depletion and
supplementation on blood pressure: a clinical review. Am
J Med Sci; 314(1): 37-40, Jul 1997).
Selenium is a major antioxidant and prevents free
radical generation, thus decreasing the risk of cancer. (Combs,
G. F., Jr. & Gray, W. P. Chemopreventive agents: selenium.
Pharmacol. Expt. Therapeut. 79: 179-192, 1998). Other studies
indicate that selenium deficiency may result in heart disease,
premature aging, dandruff and loose skin.
Zinc is an antioxidant nutrient necessary for protein
synthesis, wound healing, male hormone production and reproductive
organ health. A recent study at Michigan State University
concluded that there is substantial evidence that zinc supplementation
may reduce the impact of many diseases, including; sickle
cell anemia, renal disease and chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
(Fraker P.J., King L.E., Laakko T., Vollmer T.L. The dynamic
link between the integrity of the immune system and zinc
status, J Nutr; 130(5S Suppl): 1399S-406S, May 2000).
Other Ingredients:
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic
Acid) are the genetic materials that serve as the blueprints
for the formation of new cells.
Bioflavonoids are a class of water-soluble plant
pigments. They are divided into the following subcategories:
isoflavones, anthocyanins, flavans, favonols, flavones and
flavanones. Some bioflavonoids support health as anti-inflammatory,
antihistaminic and antiviral agents.
Quercetin is bioflavonoid and has been reported
to aid in problems associated with diabetes.
Rutin is another bioflavonoid that appears to protect
blood vessels.
Hesperidin is an antioxidant that works best when
given with Vitamin C and other bioflavinoids.
Eriocitrin is a flavonoid glycoside present in lemons.
It plays an important antioxidant role.
Bromelain is a Pineapple enzyme that promotes healing
of injured tissues
Papain is an enzyme extracted from the juice of
unripe papaya fruit. It is used to treat inflammations and
accelerates wound healing.
Betaine HCI is the carboxylic acid derived by oxidation
of choline. The hydrochloride salt is used as a gastric acidifier.
Apple Pectin is used in the pharmaceutical industry
to reduce blood cholesterol levels and gastrointestinal disorders.
Amylase is an enzyme that aids in digestion. It
is also involved in anti-inflammatory reactions such as those
caused by the release of histamine and similar substances
Lipase Fat is any enzyme that helps to digest dietary
fats. It is produced by the pancreas and released into the
small intestine, where it helps digest fat.
Chlorophyll is the substance responsible for the
green color in plants. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
and wound-healing properties.
Carotenoids are the major yellow and red pigments
in many fruits and vegetables. It has antioxidant and immune-enhancing
properties.
Black Currant Seed is rich in gamma linolenic acid
(GLA). It has anti-inflammatory properties and an immune-enhancing
effect. (Wu D., Meydani M., Leka LS., Nightingale Z., Handelman
G. J., Blumberg J.B., Meydani S. Effect of dietary supplementation
with black currant seed oil on the immune response of healthy
elderly subjects Am J Clin Nutr; 70(4): 536-43, Oct 1999).
Sunflower Oil contains linoleic acid which may aid
in reducing high cholesterol.
Spirulina (Blue-green algae) is rich in protein.
It also contains carotenoids, vitamins, minerals and essential
fatty acids. Bee Pollen has been shown to have several beneficial
applications for human use. Pollen has been successfully
used for treatment of some cases of benign prostatitis, and
allergy desensitization.
Siberian Ginseng has been shown to enhance mental
acuity and physical endurance without the let down that comes
with caffeinated products. (Farnsworth N.R., Kinghorn A.D.,
Soejarto D.D., Waller D.P.Siberian ginseng (Eleutheroecoccus
senticosus): Current status as an adaptogen. Economic and
Medicinal Plant Research, vol 1, ed. H Wagner, HZ Hikino,
NR Farnsworth. London: Academic Press, 155-215, 1985).
Octacosanol is a waxy substance found in some plant
oils. It is the primary component of sugar cane extract called
policosanol which has been reported to lower LDL cholesterol
(the "bad" cholesterol) while raising HDL cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol)
levels. (Castano G., Tula L., Canetti M., et al. Effects
of policosanol in hypertensive patients with type II hypercholesterolemia.
Curr Ther Res;57:691-95, 1996).
Astragalus stimulates the immune system. It appears
to increase the number of stem cells in the marrow and lymph
tissue, and stimulates their development into active immune
cells.
Ligustrum is the main active compound in the plant
Ligustrin. Lingustrum is often combined with Astralagus to
stimulate the immune system.
Schisandra is often used to reduce fatigue, improve
work performance and build strength. (Foster S., and Yue
C.X. Herbal Emissaries: Bringing Chinese Herbs to the West.
Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 146-52, 1992).
Young Barley Leaves have a cleansing and detoxifying
effect on the body. Young Barley Leaves are high in vitamins,
minerals, live enzymes, anti-oxidants, amino acids and chlorophyll.
Echinacea is used to prevent and treat the common
cold, influenza and infections. (Barrett, B., Vohmann, M.,
and Calabrese, C.The Journal of Family Practice, Vol. 48,
No. 8, pp. 628-635, 1999).
Irish Moss also known as Carrageen and Pearl Moss,
is a seaweed that grows off the coast of France and Ireland.
It is used to sooth the gastrointestinal tract.
Thyme, other than its use as a spice, acts as an
antispasmotic and is used in the treatment of dry, spasmodic
coughs as well as bronchitis.
Advanced Green Multi Vitamin - Mineral Formula is
a premium quality super multi-nutrient formula. The formulation
is based on the latest clinical and scientific studies designed
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